ئایا خەرجی سەربازی کاریگەری هەیە لە گەشەکردنی ئابووری لە وڵاتانی تازە پێشکەوتودا؟

Aizenman, J. and Glick, R. (2003) Military expenditures, threats, and growth. NBER Working Paper, No. 9618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w9618

Aizenman, J., and R. Glick. 2006. “Military Expenditure, Threats, and Growth.” The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 15: 129–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638190600689095

Ali, H. E. (2007). "Military expenditures and inequality: empirical evidence from global data." Defense and Peace Economics 18(6): 519-535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701331501

Ali, H. E. (2012). "Military expenditures and inequality in the middle east and north africa: A panel analysis." Defense and Peace Economics 23(6): 575-589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.663578

Baltagi, Badi H., and Young-Jae Chang. 1994. "Incomplete Panels: A Comparative Study of Alternative Estimators for the Unbalanced One-way Error Component Regression

Baran, P.A. and Sweezy, P.M. (1966) Monopoly capital: an essay on the American economic and social order. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.

Barro, R.J. (1990) Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth. Journal of Political Economy 98(5) 103–126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/261726

Batchelor, P., P. Dunne, and D. Saal. 2000. “Military Spending and Economic Growth in South Africa.” Defence and Peace Economics 11 (4): 553–571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10430710008404966

Benoit, E. (1973). "Defense and economic growth in developing countries."

Benoit, E. (1978). "Growth and defense in developing countries." Economic Development and Cultural Change: 271-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/451015

Birdi, A., and P. Dunne. 2002. “South Africa: An Econometric Analysis of Military Spending and Economic Growth.” In Arming the South: The Economics of Military Expenditures, edited by B. Jurgen and P. Dunne, 220–233. London: Arms Production and Trade in Developing Countries, Palgrave. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230501256_10

Biswas, B. and Ram, R. (1986) ME and economic growth in LDCs: an augmented model and further evidence. Economic Development and Cultural Change 34(2) 361–372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/451533

Blundell, R. and S. Bond (1998). "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models." Journal of econometrics 87(1): 115-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00009-8

Breusch, T. S., and A. R. Pagan. 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics." Review of Economic Studies, 47(1):239-253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111

Cuaresma, J., and G. Reitschuler. 2004. “A Non‐Linear Defence‐Growth Nexus? Evidence from the US Economy.” Defence and Peace Economics 15 (1): 71–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1024269042000164504

Cuaresma, J., and G. Reitschuler. 2006. “Guns or Butter? Revisited: Robustness and Nonlinearity Issues in the Defense-Growth Nexus.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 53 (4): 523–541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2006.00393.x

d’Agostino, G., P. Dunne, and L. Pieroni. 2011. “Optimal Military Spending in the US: A Time Series Analysis.” Economic Modelling 28 (3): 1068–1077. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.11.021

Deger, S., & Sen, S. (1995). Military expenditures and developing countries. In K. Hartley, & T. Sandler (Eds.), Handbook of defense economics, Vol. 1 (pp. 275–307). Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0013(05)80013-4

Dunne, J. P. (1996). Economic effects of military expenditure in developing countries: A survey. In N. P. Gleditsch (Ed.), The peace dividend (pp. 30–45). Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Dunne, P., & Nikolaidou, E. (1999). Military expenditure and economic growth: A demand and supply model for Greece 1960–96. Defense and Peace Economics, 12, 47–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10430710108404976

Dunne, P., and D. Vougas. 1999. “Military Spending and Economic Growth in South Africa: A Causal Analysis.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 43 (4): 521–537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002799043004006

Dunne, P., E. Nikolaidou, and A. Roux. 2000. “Defence Spending and Economic Growth in South Africa: A Supply and Demand Model.” Defence and Peace Economics 11 (4): 573–585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10430710008404967

Dunne, P., Smith, R. and Willenbockel, D. (2005) Models of military expenditure and growth: a critical review. Defense and Peace Economics 16(6) 449–461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690500167791

Dunne, Paul. (1990) The political economy of military expenditure: an introduction. Cambridge Journal of Economics 14(4) 395–404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035142

Faini, R., Annez, P. and Taylor, L. (1984) Defense spending, economic structure and growth: evidence among countries and over time. Economic Development and Cultural Change 32(3) 487–498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/451402

Feder, G. (1982) On exports and economic growth. Journal of Development Economics 12 59–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(83)90031-7

Gelman, A.: Why I don’t use the term “fixed and random effects”. Stat. Model. Causal Inference Soc. Sci. http://andrewgelman.com/2005/01/25/why_i_dont_use/ (2005). Accessed 19 Nov 2015

Geng, L., Abban, O. J., Hongxing, Y., Ofori, C., Cobbinah, J., Ampong, S. A., & Akhtar, M. (2023). Do military expenditures impede economic growth in 48 Islamic countries? A panel data analysis with novel approaches. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03413-8

Greene, William H. 2003. Econometric Analysis, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Halicioglou, F. (2004) Defense spending and economic growth in Turkey: an empirical application of new macroeconomic theory. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance 2(3) 193–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1475-3693.1028

Hatzinikolaou, D. (2007) A panel data analysis of the nexus between defense spending and growth in the European Union: a comment. Defense and Peace Economics 18(6) 577–579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701516804

Hausman, J. A. (1978). "Specification Tests in Econometrics." Econometrica, 46(6):1251-1271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827

Khalid, M. A., & Altaee, H. H. A. (2015). Military spending and economic growth relationship in the case of France, ARDL and causality analysis. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 178.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p178

Khalid, M. A., & Mustapha, A. B. (2014). Long-run relationships and causality tests between military expenditure and economic growth in India. The Economics and Finance Letters, 1(6), 49-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.29/2014.1.4/29.4.49.58

Khalid, M. A., & Mustapha, A. B. (2014). Military expenditure and economic growth in the case of China: Using ardl approach. International Journal of Development and Emerging Economics, 2(1), 27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.29/2014.1.4/29.4.49.58

Khalid, M. A., & Noor, Z. M. (2015). Military expenditure and economic growth in developing countries: evidence from system GMM estimates. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 6(1), 31-39.

Knight, M., Loayza, N. and Villanueva, D. (1996) The peace dividend: military spending cuts and economic growth. IMF Staff Papers, No. 1577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.883201

Kollias, C., et al. (1997). "Defense expenditure and economic growth in the European Union: a causality analysis." Journal of Policy Modeling 26(5): 553-569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2004.03.013

Kollias, C., Mylonidis, N. and Paleologou, S.M. (2007) A panel data analysis of the nexus between defense spending and growth in the European Union. Defense and Peace Economics 18(1) 75–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690600722636

Lobont, O. R., Glont, O. R., Badea, L., & Vatavu, S. (2019). Correlation of military expenditures and economic growth: lessons for Romania. Quality & Quantity, 53, 2957-2968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00910-9

Mankiw, N. Gregory, David Romer, and David N. Weil. "A contribution to the empirics of economic growth." The quarterly journal of economics 107, no. 2 (1992): 407-437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2118477

Model." Journal of Econometrics, 62(2): 67-89.

Mosikari, Teboho Jeremiah, and Keabetswe Matlwa. "An analysis of defence expenditure and economic growth in South Africa." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 20 (2014): 2769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2769

Murdoch, J.C., Pi, C.-R. and Sandler, T. (1997) The impact of defense and nondefense public spending on growth in Asia and Latin America. Defense and Peace Economics 8(2) 205–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719708404876

Mylonidis, N. (2008) Revisiting the nexus between military spending and growth in the EU. Defense and Peace Economics 19(4) 265–272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690802164801

Negri, C., & Dincă, G. (2023). Russia’s military conflict against Ukraine and its impact on the European Union’s wealth. Can good governance counteract the effects of the war?. Frontiers in Environmental Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1225793

Pieroni, L. 2009. “Military Expenditure and Economic Growth.” Defence and Peace Economics 20 (4): 327–339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701589876

Ram, R. (1986) Government size and economic growth: a new framework and some evidence from cross-section and time-series data. The American Economic Review 76(1) 191–203.

Ram, R. (1995). Defense expenditure and economic growth. In K. Hartley, & T. Sandler (Eds.), Handbook of defense economics, Vol. 1 (pp. 251–273). Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0013(05)80012-2

Romer, P.M. (2000) Keynesian macroeconomics without the LM curve. Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(2) 149–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.2.149

Schurer, S., Yong, J.: Personality, well-being and the marginal utility of income: what can we learn from random coefficient models? Working Paper. https://ideas.repec.org/p/yor/hectdg/12-01.html (2012). Accessed 28 Apr 2018

Shor, B., Bafumi, J., Keele, L., Park, D.: A Bayesian multilevel modeling approach to time-series cross-sectional data. Polit. Anal. 15(2), 165–181 (2007). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpm006

Smith, D. and Smith, R. (1980) Military expenditures, resources and development. Discussion Paper, No.87, November, University of London, Birkbeck College.

Smith, R. and P. Dunne (2001). "Military expenditure growth and investment." Birbeck College and Middlesex University Business School, Abril.

Taylor, J.B. (2000) Teaching modern macroeconomics at the principles level. American Economic Review 90(2) 90–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.2.90

Vaisey, S., Miles, A.: What you can—and can’t—do with three-wave panel data. Sociol. Methods Res. 46(1), 44–67 (2017) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124114547769

Wang, Xinyi, Na Hou, and Bo Chen. "Democracy, military expenditure and economic growth: A heterogeneous perspective." Defence and Peace Economics (2022): 1-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2022.2126955

Western, B.: Causal heterogeneity in comparative research: a bayesian hierarchical modelling approach. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 42(4), 1233–1259 (1998) DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2991856