The importance of the strategic and military location of the Sinjar mountain range
An Applied Study in Military Geography
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32410/huj-10530Keywords:
Strategy, Shangal, Mountain Range, MilitaryAbstract
Mountains are essentially a natural element of a topographical unit, but have long been considered an influential factor in the military and strategic processes. Sometimes the geographical location of a mountain range gives countries and armed forces a vital military strategy role.
This study will concentrate on the importance of the strategic and military location of the Shangal mountain range. The effects have been there in the past and persist today, and signs suggest that they will expand in the future because If in the past the military strategy of this mountain range has been important for the people of the region, the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Iraqi Government, at the moment, the study area has an important strategic military, economic and political at the regional and even the international levels.
To show the internal and external military strategy of the study area, which is the purpose of the research, The study is divided into an introduction and three main topics. As a result, the military strategies results of the mountain range are presented. Based on these results, two short-term and long-term recommendations are presented.
References
- الدویكات، 2002. الجغرافيا العسكرية، ط2، جامعة مؤتة.
- الدویكات، قاسم، 1994. أثر ظروف السطح الجغرافي على العمليات العسكرية في المناطق الجبلية، مجلة فرسان مؤتة، العدد 7.
-تزو، صن، 2007. فن الحرب، شبايك، رءوف، دار أجيال للنشر والتوزيع، ط1، القاهرة.
-حمد، ڕێبین ڕۆستهم ڕهسوڵ ، 2014. بایهخی جیۆپۆلهتیكی توخمه سروشتییهكانی جوگرافیای ههرێمی كوردستانی عێراق، نامهی ماستهر، فاكهڵتی پهروهرده، زانكۆی كۆیه.
-صفوی، سید یهحیای صفوی 2011. بنهماكانی جوگرافیای سهربازی، و: محمدأمین، هاوڕێ یاسین، چ1، سلێمانی.
-ڕهئوف، محهمهد، 2017، خاكی دابڕێنراو لێكۆڵینهوهیهك سهبارهت به ناوچه كوردستانییهكانی دهرهوهی ههرێم، بڵاوكراوهی ئهكادیمیای بهدرخان بۆ توێژینهوه و ڕۆژنامهوانی و كلتور، چابخانهی كارۆ، سلێمانی.
-مینه، ئهمین قادر، 2012، ئهمنی ستراتیجی عێراق و سێكوچكهی بهعسیان : تهرحیل ، تهعریب ، تهبعیس، چاپی دووهم، بڵاوكراوهی ئهكادیمیای هۆشیاری و پێگهیاندنی كادیران، سلێمانی.
-شفیق، منیر، 2008. الاستراتيجية و التكتيك في فن علم الحرب من السيف والدروع إلى الصاروخ و الأنفاق. الدار العربیة للعلوم ناشرون. ط1. بيروت.
-Piehler, G. Kurt. 2013. Encyclopedia of military science. A Sage reference publication. Printed in the United States of America. Los Angeles. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452276335
-Kościuszko, Tadeusz and Kocoń, Paweł. 2017. Military science and management science – methodological connection in the context of culture of organization. V International Scientific Conference of the series SOCIETY AND WAR Europe behind the walls – „strangers” at the gates of Europe „SAW 2017”. Faculty of security studies. Institute of National Security.
-Woodward, Rachel. December 1, 2005. From Military Geography to militarism’s geographies: disciplinary engagements with the geographies of militarism and military activities, Progress in Human Geography, Volume: 29 issue: 6, 2005 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, Newcastle. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph579oa
-Joint Publication 1-02, As Amended Through 15 August 2011. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
-Galgano, Francis, and J. Palka, Eugene, 2011. Modern military geography, 1st published, Routledge, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203844397
-SILLS, DAVID L. 1968. International Encyclopedia of the SOCIAL SCIENCES, VOLUME 15, CROWELL COLLIER AND MACMILLAN, INC.
-Finney, Nathan K., 2020. On strategy: a primer, Combat Studies Institute Press, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and an imprint of The Army University Press, LCC U162 (ebook), LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020512.
-Clausewitz, Carl von, 2007. On war, T. Michael Howard and Peter Paret, Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
-Gyorgy, Andrew, November 1943. "The Geopolitics of War: Total War and Geostrategy", the Journal of Politics, Volume 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2125293
-Toft, Ivan Arreguı´n, 2005: How the weak win wars: a theory of asymmetric conflict, Cambridge University Press, First published, New York.
-B. H. Liddell Hart, 1991. Strategy: Second Revised Edition, A Meridian Book, New York.
-Tung, Mao Tse, 1963. Selected Military Writings of Mao Tse Tung, Foreign Languages Press, 1st Edition, Peking.
-Jomini, Baron DE., 1854. Summary of the Art of War, or a New Analytical Compend of the Principal Combinations of Strategy, of Grand Tactics and of Military Policy, T. Winship, Major. O. F., and Mclean, Lieut. E. E., G. P. PUTNAM & co., New York.
-David Schultz, 2004. Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, Facts on File, Inc., New York.
-Kurian, George Thomas (editor in chief), The Encyclopedia of Political Science, CQ Press., Washington-DC, 2011.
-Gilewitch, Daniel A., 2003. MILITARY GEOGRAPHY: THE INTERACTION OF DESERT GEOMORPHOLOGY AND MILITARY OPERATIONS, PhD thesis, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY.
-US Army, 1982, Operations FM (Field Manual) No.100-5, (3-1), 20 August, Washington, DC.
-Johnson, Douglas Wilson, 1917. Topography and Strategy in the War, Henry Holt, New York.
-Collins, John M., 1998. Military Geography for Professionals and the Public, National Defense University Press, Washington, DC.
-Faringdon, Hugh, 1989. Strategic Geography NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Superpowers, 2nd Edition, Routledge, London and New York.
-Abdullah II, ,. K., 2011. Our Last Best Chance: The Pursuit of Peace in a Time of Peril, New York: Viking Adult.
-Burns, R., APR 2016. Battle for Sinjar, Iraq, Fort Leavenworth: TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration.
-Burns, R., August 2017. Threat Report: Iraq and Syria Update, Fort Leavenworth: Nickolas Zappone.
-Sissakian, V. K., 2011. ALLUVIAL FANS OF SINJAR MOUNTAIN, NW IRAQ. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, Vol. 7(No. 2), pp. Pages 9-26.
-Coles, I., 2014. Reuters. [Online] Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-sinjar-idUSKBN0JZ0QO20141221 [Accessed 28 11 2022].
-JOHNSON, R., 2014. THE WASHINGTON POST. [Online] Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-bombing-intensifies-to-save-civilians-trapped-on-the-mountain/2014/08/12/8a9bc9dc-2253-11e4-8593-da634b334390_graphic.html [Accessed 11 November 2022].
-Unpacked Staff, 2022. unpacked. [Online] Available at: https://jewishunpacked.com/saddam-husseins-gulf-war-legacy-is-still-felt-in-israel/ [Accessed 22 11 2022].
-Frantzman, Seth J. 2016. Red fire on the mountain: Saddam Hussein's secrets still haunt the landscape, The Jerusalem Post, MAY 21, https://www.jpost.com/magazine/red-fire-on-the-mountain-452483 (8 Nov 2022).
-National Geographic, 2022. The Peloponnesian War, The Peloponnesian War | National Geographic Society (Accessed: 25 July 2021).
-Marouf, H., 2021. Atlantic Council. [Online] Available at: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/the-sinjar-agreement-has-good-ideas-but-is-it-a-dead-end/ [Accessed 28 11 2022].
-Ehret, M., 2021. The Cradle. [Online] Available at: https://thecradle.co/Article/Investigations/4371 [Accessed 30 11 2022].
-الجزيرة، 2018. هل تقترب تركيا من القضاء على حزب العمال الكردستاني؟، 6 كانون الأول، مدينة سنجار العراقية وتدافعات الموقف الجيو أمني-الإقليمي (aljazeera.net)، (تم الوصول إليه في 26 تشرین الثانی)
-الدباغ، 2019. سنجار.. عقدة الملف الأمني الإقليمي في العراق، 2 أیار، سنجار.. عقدة الملف الأمني الإقليمي في العراق | أخبار سياسة | الجزيرة نت (aljazeera.net) (تم الوصول إليه في 26 تشرین الثانی)
-أغوان، علي، 2019. مدينة سنجار العراقية وتدافعات الموقف الجيو أمني-اإلقليمي، تـقــارير الجزيرة نت، 3 ابريل/نيسان، مدينة سنجار العراقية وتدافعات الموقف الجيو أمني-الإقليمي (aljazeera.net) (تم الوصول إليه في 26 تشرین الثانی)
-إلياس، فراس، 2022، تركيا وأسباب العودة إلى سنجار مرة أخرى، 3 شابط 2022، تركيا وأسباب العودة إلى سنجار مرة أخرى | نون بوست (noonpost.com)، (تم الوصول إليه في 26 تشرین الثانی)
-إلياس، فراس، 2022، عقدة سنجار: معضلة أمنية وتحديات استراتيجية يواجهها العراق، 20 تشرین الاول 2022، عقدة سنجار: معضلة أمنية وتحديات استراتيجية يواجهها العراق | نون بوست (noonpost.com)، (تم الوصول إليه في 26 تشرین الثانی)
-ArcGIS Pro 2.8.4
-ArcMap 10.8.1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rebeen Rostam Rasool, Safin Jalal Fathullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).