Emergence of Kharijites and their impact on Caliphate of Ali bn Abu Talib (35-40 A H.)

Abstract

The most dangerous event that occurred in the Islamic history had been the murder of Othman bn Affan, the third Caliph, by the Muslims themselves. Because of his murder, both Jamal and Saffin Battles happened. As a result of the battle of Saffin, Kharijites emerged as an independent group that separated from Caliph Ali's military forces. This separation had had negative impacts on Ali's Caliphate, who he had lost a part of his forces due to the emergence of this group, who they sought any plans against Ali and his followers. Therefore, Ali had always been busy with them. This had made Caliph Mu'awya bn Abu Sufyan take the opportunity to invade and occupy some territories (e.g. Egypt) ruled by Ali.

Whenever Ali had prepared and wanted to fight Mu'awya, Kharijites prevented Ali by starting chaos. Therefore, Ali had directed his forces, which were prepared against Mu'awya and the Levent people, toward Nehrawan fighting against Kharijites. Although Caliph Ali succeeded in overcoming Kharijites, some of those  who had Kharijites believer or followers attempted to prepare and combat against Ali. Thus, some scholars believe that Kharijites were injured but not killed  like a snake which can later survive. Ultimately, Caliph Ali was killed and his rule was terminated by Kharijites.