Iraq and the Kurdistan region in front of the opportunities and threats of the New Silk Road

Research in political geography

Authors

  • Peshawa Anwar Nasralla Department of Geography, College of Humanities, University of Halabja, Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32410/huj-10439

Keywords:

China's rise, Geoeconomics, Geopolitics, Iraq, Kurdistan Region

Abstract

China's One Belt and One Road (New Silk Road) initiative, after it was proposed by the President of China in 2013, became an important issue and received a lot of attention from global and regional research centers. The attention of researchers, think tanks and research centers to this project is due to its magnitude, importance, and global effects. To the extent that this plan should be viewed from the geo-economic and geo-political perspectives. Some researchers believe that this plan will be China's plan and preparation for a superpower in the 21st century. As a participating country in this initiative, Iraq was able to attract a significant proportion of the attention of the Chinese government and its companies. Hence, Iraq was able to receive the largest amount of Chinese investment in the framework of the One Belt and One Road initiative in 2021. Certainly, any such strategic plan will not be without positive and negative effects on different regions and countries. From this point of view, the aim of the current research will be to investigate the effects of this mega project on the situation of Iraq and the Kurdistan region. To achieve this goal, the article was written in a library style and descriptive/analytical method. As a result; four big opportunities and three basic challenges were determined in front of Iraq in general. Also, three serious challenges will be faced by the Kurdistan Region in particular.

References

کوردی:

١/ عەزیز، سەردار، (٢٠٢١). بەخێربێن بۆ سەردەمی چینی لە کوردستان و عێراق، چاپی یەکەم.

٢/ تەها، یاسین، (ئازاری ٢٠٢٢). لاکردنەوەی عێراق بەلای چیندا، گۆڤاری ئایندەناسی، سەنتەری لێکۆڵینەوەی ئایندەیی، ژمارە ١٢، ساڵی دووەم.

فارسی:

٣/ ترابی، قاسم و صانعی، راضیە، (تابستان ١٣٩٥). موانع تحقق ابرپروژە جادە ابریشم از چشم¬انداز نظریە همگرایی، فصلنامە تخصصی علوم سیاسی، سال دوانزدهم، شمارە سی و پنجم.

٤/ پیرسلامی، فریبرز ارغوانی و پیرانخو، سحر، (پاییز ١٣٩٦). جادە ابریشم نوین بە مثابە راهبرد سیاست خارجی چین: فرصتها و تهدیدها برای ایران، فصلنامە روابط خارجی، سال نهم، شمارە سوم.

٥/ رئیسی¬نژاد، آرش، (پاییز و زمستان ١٤٠٠)کمربند زمینی راە آبریشم نوین و ژئوپلیتیک آسیای مرکزی، پژوهش نامە ایرانی سیاست بین الملل، سال ١٠، شمارە ا.

٦/ کیسینجر، هنری، (١٣٩١). چین، ترجمە: حسین رأسی، فرهنگ معاصر، تهران.

ئینگلیزی:

/ Agator, Maxime (2013). Iraq: overview of corruption and anti-corruption. Transparency International.

/ Al-Tamimi, Naser (2017). why the new silk road leads to the middle east, Arab news.

/ Al-Rawashdeh, Mohammed Salim and Al-Qatatsheh, Mohammad Hamad, (January 2017). chain’s strategy in the middle east (the silk road project), Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Volume 22, Issue 1.

/ Al-Bayan Centre for Planning and Studies Series of Publications, (2018). Chinas belt and road initiative: an opportunity for Iraq.

/ Al-SHAFIY, Haider Hamood Radhi (2015). CNPC, CNOOC and SINOPEC in

Iraq: Successful Start and Ambitious Cooperation Plan, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic

Studies (in Asia). Vol.9, No. 1.

/ Al-Masaoodi, Amjad H, (2021), China and Iraq; 1949-2016. Thesis is presented for the degree of doctor of philosophy of political science, The university of western of Australia.

/ Al-Zahidee, Amjed Radha Hasan and Al-Edam, Hamdiya Shaker Muslim, (2021). the economic effects of the establishment of the great port of Faw And its link to the belt and road initiative, Turkish journal of computer and mathematics education, vol.12, no.14.

/ Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2022 Country Report — Iraq. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.

/ Grieger, Gisela, (2016). One belt One road (OBOR) chains regional integration initiative, European parliamentary research service.

/ Jones, lee and Hameiri, Shahar, (August 2020). debunking the myth of ‘dept-trap diplomacy’: how recipient countries shape Chinas belt and road initiative, Chatham house, Asia-pacific Program.

/ Leibold, James, (2013). Ethnic policy in China: is reform inevitable? East west center, Honolulu, Hawaii.

/ Nobis, Adam, (2017). the new silk road, old concept of globalization, and new questions, Open Cultural Studies.

/ Sicular, Terry, and Yang, Xiuna and Gustafsson, Bjorn, (July 2021). the rise of Chinas global middle class in international perspective, IZA institute of labor economics, discussion paper series.

/ Pu, Xiaoyu, (January 2016). One belt, one road: Visions and Challenges of Chinas Geoeconomic strategy, ResearchGate.

/ Yang, Zi, (Nov 2018). securing Chinas belt and road initiative, united states institute of peace, special report 436, Washington DC.

/ Zhu, Yuchao and Blachford, Dongyan, (June 2005). Ethnic minority issues in Chinas foreign policy; perspective and implications, The Pacific Review, Vol. 18 No. 2.

پێگە ئینتەرنێتییەکان:

/ Black cat, white cat. By Mark Buckle; http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201808/02/WS5b728ae4a310add14f385b4a.html. 15/8/2022.

/ Chinas war with Japan on China's War with Japan | Faculty of History (ox.ac.uk) . 15/7/20222.

/ Chinas economic development growth in 40 years on China's economic development in 40 years - Chinadaily.com.cn 15/7/2022.

/ China’s great game in the Middle East, Camille Lons (project editor), Jonathan Fulton, Degang Sun, Naser Al-Tamimi on https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_great_game_middle_east/ 7/9/2022.

/ Crude Petroleum in Iraq on https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/crude-petroleum/reporter/irq 7/9/2022.

/ top 15 countries by GDP in 2022 on Top 15 Countries by GDP in 2022 | Global PEO Services 16/7/2022.

/ belt and road initiative on Belt and Road Initiative (beltroad-initiative.com) 17/7/2022.

٣٠/ ایران و ژئوپلیتیک جهان، محمود سریع القلم. لە ڕێکەوتی ١٨/٧/٢٠٢٢ وەرگیراوە.

https://sariolghalam.com/2022/03/19/%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%da%98%d8%a6%d9%88%d9%be%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d8%aa%db%8c%da%a9-%d8%ac%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86/

٣١/ ئەمریکا دەستوەردان لە کێشەی بەغداد و هەولێر دەکات؟ روینا ئیدواردز. لە ڕێکەوتی ٥/٩/٢٠٢٢ وەرگیراوە.

https://drawmedia.net/page_detail?smart-id=10983

٣٢/ چین و خورهەڵاتی ناوەڕاست: گۆڕانکاری لە کوردستان، عەبدوڵا حەوێز. لە ڕێکەوتی ٢٠/٧/٢٠٢٢ وەرگیراوە. http://drawmedia.net/page_detail?smart-id=9417

/ How Iraq became the top link in China's belt and road strategy, Ksenia Svetlova, on https://www.jpost.com/international/article-695713 24/7/2022.

٣٤/ گرێبەستە ئیمزاکراوەکان، پێگەی فەرمی وەزارەتی سامانە سروشتییەکانی حکومەتی هەرێمی کوردستان: https://gov.krd/mnr/publications/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86/ وەرگیراوە لە ٨/٩/٢٠٢٢.

/ China cements influence in Iraq through oil, infrastructure deals, on https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220822-china-cements-influence-in-iraq-through-oil-infrastructure-deals 8/9/2022.

Published

2022-12-30

How to Cite

Nasralla, P. A. (2022). Iraq and the Kurdistan region in front of the opportunities and threats of the New Silk Road: Research in political geography. Halabja University Journal, 7(4), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.32410/huj-10439

Similar Articles

1-10 of 273

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.